Greetings Everyone,
On July 24 we returned to Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda to search for another endangered primate that makes the highland forests of central Africa its home. The Golden Monkey (
Cercopithecus kandti), once considered a subspecies of the Blue Monkey (
Cercopithecus mitisis), is protected in four national parks: Mgahinga in southwest Uganda; Volcanoes in northwest Rwanda; and Virunga and Kahuza
i-Biéga in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. We got a glimpse of a Golden Monkey in Virunga National Park but here in Volcanoes National Park two groups have been habituated making them much easier to see. Surprisingly they were quite close to our lodge and right on the border of the national park. A group of 50 or so were feeding high in the bamboo making it difficult to get a clear view of them. One came down in the open and Marc was able to get a decent photo.
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| Golden Monkey |
While trying to get a better vantage point from which to observe the troop, our ranger/guide came across a snare set to capture a small antelope called a duiker for the bushmeat trade. I
was surprised that a poacher would have the audacity to set a snare within the National Park but bushmeat has become big business and the temptation too great. No wild animal including gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, antelope, and pangolins are safe from this illegal and unsustainable practice. Our guide quickly disarmed and destroyed the snare before some unfortunate animal fell victim to its grip.
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| Disarming a Poacher's Snare |
We resumed our observation of the Golden Monkeys as they foraged in the bamboo, sometimes climbing down a nearby shoot.
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| Golden Monkey |
The next morning we set off to make a pilgrimage to Karisoke, the site of Dian Fossey's research camp from 1967 to 1985. Dian first came to Africa in 1963 where she met renowned palaeoanthropologist, Louis Leakey. He was studying the fossils of our ancestors but realized to understand how we evolved we would have to learn about our closest living relatives, the great apes. On the urging of Leakey, Dian returned to Africa three years later to study Mountain Gorillas in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Political instability in the Congo drove her to neighboring Rwanda where she set up the Karisoke Research Center in September 1967.
As we set off from the nearest village I couldn't help wondering how much encroachment into the forest had taken place since Dian was here. Our guide, Francois, who worked with Dian when he was in his early 20's replied: "there is actually more forest today since the villagers and their cattle have been relocated outside of the Park". I was surprised. It was not the response I expected but I was happy to hear it.
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| Start of Hike Showing Bisoke Volcano |
We climbed steeply toward a saddle between the volcanoes of Bisoke and Karisimbi in the foothills of the Virunga Mountains. Karisoke gets its name from these two volcanoes. For the research center's name, Fossey used "Kari" for the first four letters of Mount Karisimbi that overlooked her camp from the south and "soke" for the last four letters of Mount Bisoke, the slopes of which rose to the north, directly behind camp.
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| Nearing Karisoke at the base of Bisoke Volcano |
Along the way, we were distracted by colorful sunbirds sipping nectar from the flowers of giant lobelia.
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| Northern Double-collared Sunbird |
We encountered a group of trackers so we knew that a family group of mountain gorillas was nearby. I was hoping they'd cross the trail but they remained hidden in the forest. We couldn't go off in search of them since we didn't have a gorilla tracking permit. It was thrilling to know that the gorillas that Dian Fossey gave her life to study and protect were thriving in their mountain home! There were about 475 Mountain Gorillas in the early 1960s, but their numbers were dwindling due to poaching and habitat loss. In the early 1980s, the population dropped to about 254 individuals! The world population of Mountain Gorilla is now estimated at 880. In fact, Mountain Gorillas are the only great apes whose numbers are increasing largely due to the efforts of Fossey!
She may not be happy that so many tourists flock to Rwanda each year to see the gorillas but some of the money they bring in goes to the local communities providing them with much-needed income and giving them the impetus to protect the gorillas and their mountain habitat. Throughout the forest were signs of other animals, buffalo, duiker, and a porcupine who benefit indirectly from the gorillas. We arrived at Karisoke around 10:15 in the morning.
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| Original Sign at Karosoke Research Center |
There are not many of the original structures as most of the materials used to build them have been carted off by refugees from the Congo's many conflicts but the feelings I experienced were overwhelming. We stood at the site of Dian's original cabin. All that remained was a rusted stovepipe.
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| Site of Dian's Original Cabin |
I tried to imagine what it would have been like for a single woman to live alone in the forests of wild Africa. She had become known by locals as Nyirmachabelli, or Nyiramacibiri, roughly translated as "The woman who lives alone on the mountain." She battled poachers and villagers who wanted to graze their cattle here. Many have criticized Dian's methods of capturing and interrogating poachers, pretending to practice black magic to scare them off and shooting their cattle. Her actions may have been extreme but the situation for the gorillas was dire and Dian was desperate to save them.
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| Dian with one of her Gorilla Friends (Credit: Ian Redmond) |
Her controversial tactics earned her many enemies and on December 27, 1985, she was hacked to death with a machete by unknown assailants. Standing on the spot of her murder was intense and moving. I couldn't imagine being so passionate about a cause that I'd be willing to suffer such a horrible fate. Yet, Dian was and that is why she is one of my conservation heroes.
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| Site of Dian's Cabin where she was Murdered |
Our last stop was the Gorilla Cemetery and her grave. When we arrived leaves had fallen on the graves and Francois and our porter lovingly removed them.
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| Gorilla Graveyard |
Our porter had picked flowers for us to lay on Dian's grave. It made me cry, not so much out of sadness but in knowing that 33 years after her death Rwandans respected and admired the woman who had despised and distrusted them.
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| Dian Fossey's Grave |
If Dian was alive today I hope she would be proud of all that she accomplished in bringing the plight of the mountain gorilla to the world. On New Year's Eve in 1977, Digit, her favorite gorilla, was brutally murdered by poachers as he tried to defend his family. He was only 12 years old when he had been decapitated and his hands hacked off to make ashtrays. His murder was a tragic blow to Dian but Digit's death did raise awareness of the gorillas' plight and, crucially, more money. Fossey subsequently created the Digit Fund (now the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International in the USA) to raise money for anti-poaching patrols. To learn more about the fund and how you can help go to:
Dian was laid to rest next to her beloved Digit.
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| Dian is buried next to Digit |
I hope that she would be happy to see that the descendants of the poachers and villagers that she had battled were now working to protect the gorillas and Volcanoes National Park and that they hold no animosity toward the woman who once held them in contempt. It was heartening to hear Francois' feelings about Dian and the work she did.
As we left Karisoke, a Black-fronted Duiker peered at us from the edge of the forest. It was good to see that not only the gorillas were safe in this mountainous forest of central Africa.
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| Black-fronted Duiker |
We encountered a lucky group of tourists who had just visited the group of mountain gorillas that we had passed on the way up. We too had the opportunity to visit the gorillas earlier in our trip on July 9th. You can read more about our encounter on our blog at:
Paying our respects to Dian Fossey was a fitting end to our visit to Rwanda. We were happy to see that the people and wildlife of Rwanda were doing well. It was encouraging to see that the Mountain Gorillas and the villagers can coexist. We were glad to see the local people benefitting from the Park and the money tourist dollars bring into the country. It was good to pass by schools and health clinics built by the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund. May this mutually beneficial relationship between humans and gorillas continue.
We hope all is well with everyone.
Peggy and Marc
Our Route Map:
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| Our Hike Route to Dian Fossey's Camp |
Rwanda and Congo Mammal List
| No. | Species | Scientific Name | Notes |
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| 1 | Mountain Gorilla | Gorilla beringei beringei | Volcanoes NP, Virunga NP |
| 2 | Vervet Monkey | Chlorocebus pygerythrus | Ethnographic Museum, Nyungwe Top View |
| 3 | L'Hoest's Monkey | Cercopithecus lhoesti | Nyungwe NP, Nyiragongo Volcano |
| 4 | Eastern Chimpanzee | Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii | Cyamudongo Forest |
| 5 | Rwenzori Black-and-white Colobus | Colobus angolensis ruwenzori | Nyungwe NP |
| 6 | Dent's Mona Monkey | Cercopithecus denti | Nyungwe NP, hybrid w/Red-tailed monkey |
| 7 | Ruwenzori Sun Squirrel | Heliosciurus ruwenzorii | Nyungwe NP |
| 8 | Silver Monkey | Cercopithecus doggetti | Nyungwe NP |
| 9 | Antelope | ? | Nyungwe NP |
| 10 | Eastern Lowland Gorilla | Gorilla beringei graueri | Kahuzi-Biega NP |
| 11 | Golden Monkey | Cercopithecus kandti | Virunga NP (Bukima Camp), Volcanoes NP |
| 12 | Olive Baboon | Papio anubis | Virunga NP (Mikeno Lodge) |
| 13 | Mouse | sp.? | Virunga NP (Mikeno Lodge) |
| 14 | Bat | sp.? | Mikeno Lodge |
| 15 | Stuhlmann's Blue Monkey | Cercopithecus mitis ssp. stuhlmanni | Virunga NP ((Mikeno Lodge) |
| 16 | Black-fronted Duiker | Cephalophus nigrifrons | Volcanoes NP |
| 17 | Carruther's Mountain Squirrel | Funisciurus carruthersi | Volcanoes NP |
| 18 | Western Guereza | Colobus guereza ssp. occidentalis | Virunga NP (Mikeno Lodge) |
